We had a lesson on possessive pronouns and personal suffixes. Today, we continue that lesson, adding some nuances for our intermediate learners.
👤 If an object belongs to a subject appearing in the third person singular or plural, üz (self, own) in its possessive case – üzeneñ, üzlәreneñ – must be used instead of the possessive pronouns anıñ, alarnıñ. The word denoting the object takes the respective possessive suffix. For example:
Ul üzeneñ dustın kürde. – He/she saw his/her friend.
“Ul anıñ dustın kürde” would mean "He saw his (someone else's) friend".
👤 Üz in its possessive form may also function as the possessive pronoun of the first and second persons singular and plural:
Min üzemneñ kilәçәgem turında uylıym. – I am thinking about my future.
Sin üzeñneñ dustıñnı kürdeñme? – Did you see your friend?
👤 The reflexive pronouns are formed from the noun üz with the addition of the possessive suffixes:
üzem – myself
üzeñ – yourself
üze – himself, herself, itself
üzebez – ourselves
üzegez – yourselves
üzlәre – themselves
💡 In the declension, the various case suffixes are added to the possessive stem: üzebezne, üzenә, etc.
👤 The reflexive pronouns are primarily used with verbs which in Tatar cannot be made into true reflexive verbs. For example:
· sanaw – to count / to consider
min üzemne bәxetle dip sanıym – I consider myself happy
· xis itü – to feel
ul üzen yaxşı xis itə – he feels good
· kürsətü – to show
uzegezne dönyağa kürsətegez – show yourselves to the world
· tanıtu – to show, to prove
ul üzen osta körəşçe itep tanıttı – he proved himself a skillful fighter
👤 The reflexive pronoun agrees in person and number with the subject of the same sentence.
min üzemə kitap satıp aldım - I bought myself a book
üzegez turında söyləgez - talk about yourselves
👤 Üz is prefixed to the reflexive pronouns (in writing joined by a hyphen). Üz always remains in its basic form. The reflexive pronoun takes the case endings required by the verb:
üz-üzemə ğәcəplənəm - I am amazed at myself
üz-üzennən sorağan kebek - as if he asked himself
👤 Üz may be used to emphasize the subject. If the acting person is expressed by a personal pronoun or by a noun, üzem, üzeñ, üze etc. follow immediately.
ul üze bu turıda miña əytməde - he himself hasn’t told me about this
👤 Üzem, üzeñ, üze etc. immediately followed by genə mean "I by myself", "you by yourself", "he (she, it) by himself (herself, itself)", etc., or I alone, you alone, he (she, it) alone, etc. in the sense of apart from others, all by oneself.
Üzem, üzeñ, üze etc. preceded by the cardinal number ber (e.g. berüzem) have the same meaning.
üzeñ genə / berüzeñ bar- you go alone
üzegez genə / berüzegez uynağız - you play by yourselves
üze genə / berüze östəl yanında utıra - he is sitting all alone at the table
👤 Üz preceding nouns with possessive suffixes means "own":
üz yortım - my own house
üz aqçañ - your own money
üz cire - his own land
Ul miña ... üz telendə nərsəder söyli başlıy. (Mirğazıyan Yunıs, Süwəyeş kanalı) - ... he starts telling me something in his own language.